WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time voice and video calls, as well as peer-to-peer data transfer on web browsers and mobile applications through a simple API, without the need for plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves steps like signaling server interaction, offer/answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, and data channel communication. Core components of WebRTC include signaling server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer and Answer, session descriptions, and channels. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) plays a crucial role in solving network connectivity issues by addressing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE consists of candidates, STUN and TURN servers, and works through candidate collection, exchange, connectivity checks, and path selection. In summary, WebRTC relies on these key concepts to facilitate real-time communication between peers efficiently and securely.