WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables browsers and mobile applications to achieve real-time audio, video calls, and peer-to-peer data transmission through a simple API without the need for any plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps, including signaling server interaction, offer/answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, and data channel communication. WebRTC core components include Signaling Server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer/Answer, Description, and Channel. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) plays a vital role in solving network connectivity issues by addressing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE consists of candidates, STUN servers, and TURN servers. ICE workflow includes candidate collection, exchange, connection checking, and optimal path selection. A sample scenario of peer-to-peer chat based on WebRTC is provided with a signaling server implementation in Python.