WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video calls, and peer-to-peer data transmission in web browsers and mobile applications without requiring plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps, including initializing connections, offering/answering exchanges, ICE candidate exchanges, establishing connections, and communicating through data channels. WebRTC's core components include signaling servers, RTCPeerConnection for managing connections, Offer and Answer for session descriptions, descriptions for communication capabilities and parameters, and channels for data and media transmission. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) is crucial for resolving network connectivity issues, addressing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE collects candidates, exchanges them, performs connectivity checks, and selects the best path. ICE enables WebRTC to function in complex network environments.