WebRTC is an open-source technology that enables real-time voice, video calls, and data transfer on web browsers and mobile applications through a simple API, without the need for plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps, including signaling server interaction, offer/answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, connection establishment, and data channel communication. Key components include signaling server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer/Answer, Description, and Channel. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) plays a crucial role in resolving network connectivity issues by handling NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery.ICE workflow involves candidate collection, exchange, connectivity checks, and best path selection.ICE is essential for WebRTC to function in complex network environments where direct connections may not be possible. An example showcases a WebRTC-based peer-to-peer chat system using a signaling server implemented in Python.