WebRTC is an open-source technology enabling real-time communication on web browsers and mobile apps without plugins. The connection establishment process involves signaling servers to exchange information. WebRTC core components include a signaling server for session establishment and RTCPeerConnection for managing connections. Offer/Answer model negotiates compatible communication parameters. DataChannel allows direct data transfer between peers. Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) addresses network connectivity issues through candidates, STUN, and TURN servers. ICE's role includes NAT traversal, path selection, and connection recovery. ICE workflow involves candidate collection, exchange, connectivity testing, and optimal path selection. Example: a signaling server with FastAPI and WebSocket for WebRTC-based peer-to-peer chat.