WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video calls, and data transfer between web browsers and mobile applications through a simple API, without the need for any plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps, including connecting to a signaling server, offer/answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, establishing a connection, and data channel communication. Key components of WebRTC include Signaling Server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer and Answer, Description, and Channel. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) is crucial for resolving network connectivity issues, providing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery.ICE candidates, STUN servers, and TURN servers are essential parts of the ICE process.ICE enables WebRTC to work in complex network environments. An example of a WebRTC-based peer-to-peer chat includes a signaling server that handles different types of messages like offer, answer, and ICE candidates.