WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video calls, and data transfer between web browsers and mobile applications through a simple API without the need for any plugins or third-party software. The process of establishing WebRTC connections involves multiple steps, including signaling server initialization, Offer/Answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, connection establishment, and data channel communication. WebRTC core components include Signaling Server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer and Answer, Description, and Channel. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) is a key technology in WebRTC for solving network connectivity issues, providing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE components include Candidates, STUN, and TURN servers, with a workflow of candidate collection, exchange, connectivity check, and path selection. ICE is crucial for WebRTC to function in complex network environments. An example application based on WebRTC for peer-to-peer chat involves a signaling server handling offer, answer, and ICE candidate messages between clients.