WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source technology that enables real-time audio, video calls, and peer-to-peer data transfer in web browsers and mobile applications through a simple API without the need for plugins or third-party software. The WebRTC connection establishment process involves multiple steps, including signaling server connection, offer/answer exchange, ICE candidate exchange, connection establishment, and data channel communication. The core components of WebRTC include signaling server, RTCPeerConnection, Offer/Answer, Description, and Channel. ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) plays a crucial role in solving network connectivity issues by addressing NAT traversal, optimal path selection, and connection recovery. ICE consists of candidates, STUN server, and TURN server, and follows a workflow of candidate collection, exchange, connection checks, and optimal path selection. ICE is essential for WebRTC to function in complex network environments, facilitating peer-to-peer communication. The example of a point-to-point chat based on WebRTC demonstrates the importance of signaling servers in managing communication between clients through WebSocket connections in Python.